Which management theory posits that employees need to be closely supervised?

Which management theory posits that employees need to be closely supervised?

• A. Employee Complaint Procedure
• B. Theory Y
• C. Morale
• D. Theory X

Answer: (D)

Theory X holds that employees are inherently lazy, dislike work, and must be closely supervised and controlled to perform. Managers who adopt this view rely on tight monitoring, explicit directions, and external motivators to ensure tasks get done. Describing employees as needing close supervision fits this perspective directly, so Theory X is the best choice. Morale is a measure of how workers feel about their job, not a theory about supervision. An Employee Complaint Procedure is a process for handling grievances, not a theory about managing people. Theory Y, by contrast, suggests people can be self-motivated and trusted to supervise themselves with less direct oversight, which is the opposite of close supervision.

Theory X holds that employees are inherently lazy, dislike work, and must be closely supervised and controlled to perform. Managers who adopt this view rely on tight monitoring, explicit directions, and external motivators to ensure tasks get done. Describing employees as needing close supervision fits this perspective directly, so Theory X is the best choice.

Morale is a measure of how workers feel about their job, not a theory about supervision. An Employee Complaint Procedure is a process for handling grievances, not a theory about managing people. Theory Y, by contrast, suggests people can be self-motivated and trusted to supervise themselves with less direct oversight, which is the opposite of close supervision.